Neuengamme concentration camp was established in 1938 as a subcamp of Sachsenhausen. Neuengamme became an independent camp in 1940. More than half of the approximately 100,400 prisoners of the camp, who were mostly foreign nationals, did not survive Nazi persecution. Neuengamme Memorial, which was inaugurated on the 60th anniversary of the camp’s liberation in May 2005, encompasses the entire grounds and 17 original buildings of the former camp.